The four humours, 16th century artwork
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The four humours, 16th century artwork
The four humours, coloured historical artwork. Here, the head of Christ is surrounded by four male figures, who are personifications of the four humours. These are the essential bodily fluids: black bile (Melancholic, upper left), blood (Sanguine man, upper right), phlegm (Phlegmatic, lower right) and yellow bile (Choleric, lower left). It was thought that imbalances in these humours led to illness, but that they could be redressed by changing the diet, taking medicine and by undergoing surgery or bloodletting. This illustration is originally from the Guild Book of the Barber- Surgeons of York, which was printed in the 16th century in York, England
Science Photo Library features Science and Medical images including photos and illustrations
Media ID 6419931
© SHEILA TERRY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
1500s 16th Century Doctor Engraving Historical Image History Of Medicine History Of Science Mediaeval Middle Ages Patient Treatment Choleric False Coloured Health Care Melancholic Phlegmatic Sanguine
EDITORS COMMENTS
This 16th-century artwork, titled "The Four Humours" offers a vivid glimpse into the historical understanding of medicine and human health. In this coloured illustration from the Guild Book of the Barber-Surgeons of York, we witness Christ's head surrounded by four male figures personifying the essential bodily fluids known as humours. Each figure represents a specific humour: Melancholic in upper left symbolizes black bile, Sanguine man in upper right signifies blood, Phlegmatic in lower right embodies phlegm, and Choleric in lower left epitomizes yellow bile. According to prevailing beliefs at that time, imbalances among these humours could lead to illness. However, remedies such as dietary changes, medication intake, surgery or bloodletting were believed to restore equilibrium. This remarkable engraving not only showcases the intricate artistry prevalent during medieval times but also provides valuable insights into medical practices and knowledge of that era. It serves as a testament to our ancestors' relentless pursuit of understanding and treating ailments. As we explore this image further, it becomes evident how far medical science has progressed since then. Yet it is important to acknowledge our roots and appreciate how past discoveries have paved the way for modern healthcare practices. This historical image reminds us of the rich tapestry woven by centuries of scientific exploration and underscores humanity's unyielding quest for improved well-being throughout history.
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